On Monday, the night before the election, I drove to Pennsylvania to volunteer as an election observer (
EO) for the Obama campaign. The job of an
EO is to monitor a polling site and make sure that nothing happens that could disenfranchise voters.
EO's are typically lawyers, but are not registered to vote at the polling site and typically are not experts in state election law. The lawyers more expert in state law are stationed at a central location, called the Boiler Room, where they field phone calls from the
EOs, can answer more difficult questions, and if necessary can call for help (such as the local police, the Board of Elections, or the governor).
An
EO looks out for any problem that could potentially disenfranchise voters, such as broken voting machines, excessively long lines, voter intimidation, etc. Vote suppression historically has taken a variety of forms. In some cases, a party can suppress voting by under-allocating resources to wards that are expected to vote predominantly for the other party. In some cases, the election official can slow down voting and disenfranchise voters by challenging voters excessively, or by imposing illegal restrictions on voting. For example, in Pennsylvania a voter is not required to produce an ID unless he has never voted in that ward before.
I picked up my credential at the Obama campaign office in Allentown, PA. The office was bustling. By coincidence, my uncle was volunteering in that office. That evening he was interviewed by a local news reporter. The reporter told him that she had been to the McCain office and that it was busier than the Obama office.
I was assigned to a polling site in Bethlehem, PA, at the Concordia Lutheran Church on W. 4
th St. The polling site covered two wards, the 16
th and 17
th. Each polling site has a Judge of Elections (
JoE), two minor officials to check in voters, etc., and two Official Poll Watchers (
OPWs), one from each party. Because there were two wards at this site, there were two
JoEs, Irma and Roger. The only people allowed into the polling places are the voters and the officials.
Polling opens at 7:00am in Pennsylvania. The campaign told us to arrive by 6:30, and I got there around 6:15. A few people started to line up at about 6:30. The
JoE's came out and started setting up signs to direct voters, a little table, etc.. A second
EO arrived, named
Kush, who by coincidence was a junior associate at Baker & McKenzie in New York where I used to work.
Kush brought a big box of donuts with him for the voters and us. He had a friend with him who was a journalist from England. Shortly thereafter a third
EO showed up, an older lawyer from
Piermont in New York.
We busied ourselves for the next few hours monitoring the line, assisting voters in determining which line they should be on, and helping the elderly out of their cars. The line never got longer than about twenty minutes at most, which to us seemed long (the Boiler Room told us to call if the line got longer than 20 minutes, which I did).
Around 9:30 two people showed up with some bottles of water and a few sandwiches. I could see that the sandwiches were wrapped in cellophane with little Republican elephant stickers. They strolled right into the polling place
and presumably gave the swag to the judges. They then left the polling place and were not seen again. I thought to myself, this is the difference between the Republicans and the Democrats in a nutshell. We were there for two and a half hours, helping people to vote in a non-partisan fashion. The Republicans were there for five minutes, entered the
polling place (illegally), bribed the judges and then left.
Around 10:30 or so the line had died down to the point where the lawyers outnumbered the voters. I decided to drive down to the
Dunkin Donuts to buy a big box of coffee. On the way back I noticed a long line at another polling place. When I got back to the church there was a line manager from the Obama campaign there (named Bob). The line manager goes from polling site to polling site checking to see if there are any problems. I told him that there seemed to be a long line at the other site, and suggested that I
transfer to there. I could have just picked up and left, but the campaign had been very meticulous about assigning me to THIS polling place, and I was loath to just leave on my own authority. Bob made some calls and got "permission" for me to move.
When I arrived at the other polling place, there was a line with hundreds of people, about two and a half hours long at worst. The site was a room in the corner of an old age home called
Litzenberger House. There were several volunteers there, none of them lawyers. Most of the voters on the line were students from
Lehigh University who had just been registered to vote in
Bethelehem. The Obama campaign was busing students back and forth from the college to vote. Reports were that the Republican
JoE was challenging every student voter's right to vote at that site, disenfranchising voters and slowing down the line. For the next few hours we walked up and down the line, encouraging people to stay on line and explaining to them why there was a delay and what we were doing to try and relieve it.
Bob showed up at the site and made some phone calls. A short while later two gentlemen arrived at the site who clearly were in a position of authority. One of them, Ken, strode purposefully into the polling site. Ken turned out to be an official from the Board of Elections. When he emerged he told us that the judge actually wasn't challenging voters improperly, but that the delay was caused by an unbelievably slow poll worker checking in names. We took steps to try and relieve the wait, splitting up the line in order to reduce the burden on the slow
pollworker.
The steps we took to speed things up helped a bit, but the lines were still very long, on the order of one to two hours. The polling site was crawling with a rotating team of Obama volunteers but I was the only lawyer. There was a team of young women from Sarah Lawrence, who knew my nephew Sam, who is a senior there. We busied ourselves in keeping the voters informed of what was going on, keeping them entertained (the Obama camp
aign arranged for musicians to come and play) and fed (the campaign had twenty pizzas delivered and we distributed water and snacks). I spent a good deal of time calling the Board of Elections on behalf of individual voters who were unsure of whether they were registered or where they were
required to vote. The Board of Elections, although apparently very harried, was extremely helpful and went the extra mile to identify voters, many of whose
names were misspelled so it took some time to find them. In some cases there were Hispanic voters, some of whom were elderly, but most voters were students from
Lehigh.
There was not much in the way of serious trouble. We had a flurry of excitement when it was reported to me that the Republican
pollwatcher was complaining that there were Obama campaign workers in the polling place. It turned out that the
JoE had pressed the Obama
campaign workers into service to handle the large crowd. I spoke briefly to the Republican
pollwatcher - he was the only angry person I spoke to all day. I assured him that there were no Obama people in the polling place but if there were I would take care of it. I got hold of one of the Obama people who had been
pressed into service, and it was then that she told me that there were in fact several Obama people working in the polling place at the request of the
JoE. I instructed her to get the
JoE to
acknowledge that he had pressed the Obama campaign workers into service, in the presence of the Republican
pollwatcher so that he would know there was no funny business. The problem was apparently solved and the rest of the day passed more or less without incident. I spent the time helping individual voters, calling the Board of Elections, and answering questions. One voter from another ward reported that their polling place was closed, which was not true, but we arranged to have an Obama volunteer stationed there to help people find the entrance.
The remainder of the day passed mostly without incident. We kept the voters fed and entertained. Late in the afternoon I got a phone call from the Boiler Room. They asked me to move over to the
Litzenberger House because there was a long line. I laughed and told them I had been there for 6 hours. They said "So you've been pretty busy."
As the end of the voting day approached, the Obama
campaign workers were closely monitoring voting reports and as favorable results came in people started getting increasingly giddy. At a few minutes to 8:00 one Obama volunteer yelled out "Obama!". A more senior campaign worker told him to shut up, as the polls had not yet closed and it was important that campaign volunteers not be seen as trying to improperly influence the vote. Doing so is not illegal however, as Pennsylvania allows electioneering as close as ten feet to the polling place.
One amusing piece of misinformation
filtered down to us. Some McCain apparatchik had apparently said on TV that the Pennsylvania polls had been all
wrong and that McCain was going to win Pennsylvania in a landslide. Spreading misinformation until the very end.
Under Pennsylvania law anyone on line when the polls close (at 8:00) must be permitted to vote no matter how long the line is and no matter how long the polls have to stay open. As 8:00 approached we were repeatedly warned that we had to make sure that no one on line at 8:00 was turned away. However, by the time 8:00 rolled around the line was (to our surprise) much shorter. The
JoE did the right thing, which is to get at the end of the line to ensure that everyone
in front of him got to vote, and that no one who arrived after 8:00 was permitted to vote.
In the course of my day in Bethlehem, I saw hundreds of Obama volunteers, and two McCain volunteers. The Obama volunteers were scrupulously non-partisan. Their only activity was to help people vote. Except for the over-enthusiastic campaign worker referred to above, I did not witness a single incident of partisan conduct at all. I helped one person whose voting card showed him to be a registered Republican, but I helped him anyway and I have no idea who he voted for. I believe that the fact that Obama workers were out in force helping people in a non-partisan way to vote, while McCain people were nowhere to be seen, was not lost on the voters, regardless of whether they voted for McCain or Obama. This, I'm sure, was being played out all over the country. I believe that the Republican party is going to pay a heavy, unforeseen price for their attempts at voter suppression, By forcing Democratic volunteers to help protect people's right to vote, the Republicans are showing voters that it is the Democrats, not the Republicans, who have the voters' best interests at heart.